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| Potential impacts of projected climate change on biodiversity are often assessed using
single-species bioclimatic ‘envelope’ models. Such models are a special case of species distribution
models in which the current geographical distribution of species is related to climatic variables so
to enable projections of distributions under future climate change scenarios. This work reviews a
number of critical methodological issues that may lead to uncertainty in predictions from
bioclimatic modelling. Particular attention is paid to recent developments of bioclimatic modelling
that address some of these issues as well as to the topics where more progress needs to be made.
Developing and applying bioclimatic models in a informative way requires good understanding of
a wide range of methodologies, including the choice of modelling technique, model validation,
collinearity, autocorrelation, biased sampling of explanatory variables, scaling and impacts of nonclimatic
factors. A key challenge for future research is integrating factors such as land cover, direct
CO2 effects, biotic interactions and dispersal mechanisms into species-climate models. We
conclude that, although bioclimatic envelope models have a number of important advantages, they
need to be applied only when users of models have a thorough understanding of their limitations
and uncertainties. | |
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