Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats: ASWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework

The ecosystemservicesconcept(ES)isbecomingacornerstoneofcontemporarysustainabilitythought. Challenges withthisconceptanditsapplicationsarewelldocumented,buthavenotyetbeensystem- atically assessedalongsidestrengthsandexternalfactorsthatinfluence uptake.Suchanassessment could formthebasisforimprovingESthinking,furtherembeddingitintoenvironmentaldecisionsand management. The YoungEcosystemServicesSpecialists(YESS)completedaStrengths–Weaknesses–Opportunities– Threats (SWOT)analysisofESthroughYESSmembersurveys.Strengthsincludetheapproachbeing interdisciplinary,andausefulcommunicationtool.Weaknessesincludeanincompletescientific basis, frameworksbeinginconsistentlyapplied,andaccountingfornature'sintrinsicvalue.Opportunitiesin- clude alignmentwithexistingpoliciesandestablishedmethodologies,andincreasingenvironmental awareness.Threatsincluderesistancetochange,anddifficulty withinterdisciplinarycollaboration. Consideration ofSWOTthemessuggested five strategicareasfordevelopingandimplementingES. The ESconceptcouldimprovedecision-makingrelatedtonaturalresourceuse,andinterpretationof the complexitiesofhuman-natureinteractions.Itiscontradictory – valuedasasimplemeansofcom- municating theimportanceofconservation,whilstalsoconsideredanoversimplification characterised by ambiguouslanguage.Nonetheless,givensufficient fundingandpoliticalwill,theESframeworkcould facilitate interdisciplinaryresearch,ensuringdecision-makingthatsupportssustainabledevelopment.